Several theoretical models for description of the injection locking lasers are presented by previous investigators. Nearly in all of these theories, the temporal and spatial variations of gain of the active medium is neglected. In these theories there levant difference equation of the boundary condition of the input mirror is approximated by an ordinary differential equation and solved. In this paper a classical model for the behavior of the active medium is presented and the governing equations are solved. The time variation of the output power for the injection frequencies are calculated. The results for several detuning angels are presented in this paper, the results are in good-agreement with the previous published data.

Introduction: Hemophilia is one of the most important coagulation disorders. At the present time the current treatment is factor replacement which may lead to many socio-economic problems and also transmission of some viral infections. In this study we evaluate an alternative treatment to factor replacement to decrease the aforementioned problems. Material and Methods: This was an interventional study and the statistical population included all Hemophilia patients that referred to Besat Hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of 13 patients and a control group of 15 patients. Tranexamic acid was only used for the intervention group (15 patients). Then the data was assessed by spss win software. Results: In the intervention group bleeding episodes were reduced significantly (from 4.07 episodes per month to 3 episodes per month) and so was the need for factor replacement (from 80.1 u/kg/m to 58.7 u/kg/m). In the control group bleeding episodes and the need for factor replacement did not differ prior to and during the study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes and decreasing the need for factor replacement in hemophilia patients. However, due to increased PTT and decreased serum clotting factors in patients, the risk of life threatening bleeding is likely to be high. Thus we don’t recommend the use of TEA as a prophylactic measure in hemophilia.  

In this research, temporal variations in intense TEA CO2 laser pulses passing through SF6 gas-filled cells with a pressure of 10- 150 mbar have been characterized at different energy fluences and gas pressures. It has been shown that for every fluence there is a certain cut-off pressure at which the pulse spike is completely quenched. While the pulse tail escapes, saving appreciable fractions of its initial energy. Experimental evidence along with FTIR spectrometry data have clearly revealed incisive laser-induced multi-photon dissociation of SF6 molecules in these conditions, pronounced as the main responsible for these behaviors.

2Objectives: Today, in order to reduce pain and stress during the removal of tooth decay, lasers have been proposed as a suitable alternative to dental burs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of two characteristics of wavelength and the number of 2CO laser taps before and after spraying the cooling water spray on the decayed dentine tissue of human teeth, which was done with the help of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and methods: The studied samples are a number of extracted human teeth in 0. 1% thymol solution, which were kept in water and room temperature until the last stage of the experiment to maintain tissue hydration. Since the irradiation was aimed at caries in the dental dentin area, the samples were cut along the length of the tooth and fixed in the orthodontic acrylic block for easy access and control. These samples were irradiated with the rays of a carbon dioxide laser (2CO) with a tap width of 200 ns at a repetition rate of 1 Hz, before and after spraying water spray. Finally, the effect of laser ablation on decayed tooth tissue at different wavelengths (9. 3, 9. 6, 10. 3 and 10. 6 μm) with a fluence of 7. 36 J/cm has been investigated with the help of SEM microscope. Findings: The decay was optimally removed and no irreversible thermal effects such as (carbonization, cracking, melting and recrystallization) were observed on the samples in the presence of water cooling. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this work, 2CO laser irradiation can effectively and optimally remove dental caries in the presence of water cooling. However, optimizing the parameters to achieve satisfactory results still requires more research

Despite all the advantages of IRAN’S TEA industry in fields of production, processing and trading, it has not succeeded to find a competitive position in the international TEA market. On the other hand regarding the special position of TEA in each Iranian family an d the dependency of more than 60,000 families to growth and production of TEA, a suitable strategy and structure for IRAN’S TEA industry seem necessary. In this paper we have studied the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of TEA industry based on Porter’s diamond model. Research shows that lack of an integrated management view in the TEA supply chain is the most important factor in IRAN’S TEA market failure.Study of Kenya's TEA supply chain as a leading country in TEA production and marketing shows that this factor (integrated management) can play an important role in the industry's success. Findings of this paper show that developing supportive structures in different segments of the TEA supply chain and integrated TEA supply chain management can play an effective role in creating other supportive mechanisms and the advantage of TEA competitiveness.